EVLOS for Drone Operators in Ireland

What is EVLOS?

EVLOS (Extended Visual Line of Sight) describes UAS operations where the pilot keeps visual contact with the drone through the use of technology, such as monitors or drone spotters, while ensuring the UAS remains within the visual line of sight. This enables the pilot in command (PIC) to maintain effective situational awareness of the airspace and react promptly to possible hazards or conflicts.

According to EASA, EVLOS operations involve continuous situational awareness maintained primarily by visual observation, potentially assisted by technological means. The PIC must have direct control over the UAS at all times, retaining the ability to intervene safely based on the ongoing visual monitoring of the drone and its surroundings.

• EVLOS extends traditional Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) operations by allowing technological support, e.g. visual observers or camera feeds.
• The PIC must be able to intervene in the flight promptly, relying on continuous visual confirmation of the UAS position and environment.
• Despite the enhancement, EVLOS is not considered BVLOS, as the drone remains visually identifiable within the designated airspace.

Difference Between VLOS, EVLOS, and BVLOS

Clarifying the distinctions between VLOS, EVLOS and BVLOS is key because each requires different operational protocols, permissions, and risk assessments under EASA regulations and Irish national oversight.

VLOS (Visual Line of Sight) requires that the pilot sees and follows the UAS directly without use of aids. EVLOS supports the pilot with technology to maintain a direct visual link with the UAS, such as through a visual observer communicating with the PIC. BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) involves operation outside direct visual range, requiring more comprehensive safety mitigations and formal regulatory authorisation.

In Ireland, the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) enforces these distinctions in line with EASA regulations, ensuring compliance and safety across all categories.

• VLOS: direct unaided visual observation of the UAS by the pilot.
• EVLOS: aided visual observation with maintenance of a direct line of sight, often via a drone spotter or cameras.
• BVLOS: operating beyond visual range, necessitating extensive safety case assessments and formal approval.

EVLOS within the EASA Framework and Irish Context

EVLOS operations fall under the Specific Category of UAS operations according to EASA regulations. This means completion of an Operational Risk Assessment, typically using SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment), or applying a Pre-Defined Risk Assessment (PDRA) or Standard Scenario (STS) where applicable, to demonstrate safe execution.

In Ireland, the IAA is the competent authority responsible for oversight, review, and approval of EVLOS operations. Operators must prepare an operational manual or Concept of Operations (ConOps) describing how visibility and safety are maintained, alongside an emergency response plan (ERP) and Ground Risk Classifications (GRC).

Meeting Irish national procedures requires coordination with the IAA to confirm any specific application or submission requirements and facilitating inspections.

• EVLOS operations require a SORA, or where permitted, a PDRA/STS according to EASA’s regulatory framework.
• The Irish Aviation Authority oversees approvals, compliance, and ongoing surveillance in Ireland.
• A formal Concept of Operations (ConOps) must clearly explain how continuous visual observation and mitigation of risks are achieved during EVLOS flights.

Practical Advice for Drone Operators Conducting EVLOS

Effective deployment of technological aids is vital for EVLOS—this often involves working with one or more visual observers (drone spotters) who maintain line of sight with the UAS and communicate real-time information to the PIC. This teamwork helps ensure continuous situational awareness.

Operators must also have procedures ensuring airspace remains clear of other traffic or obstacles, with ready contingencies for unexpected events or communications failures.

Common pitfalls include inadequate visual coverage, poor coordination and communication between team members, and insufficient documentation or updates of the operational manual.

Drone operators in Ireland are advised to regularly verify current IAA guidance alongside EASA regulations, as national interpretations or additional requirements may apply.

• Engage qualified visual observers or drone spotters for continuous monitoring.
• Maintain clear, reliable communication channels between PIC and supporting personnel.
• Document operational limits and risk mitigation strategies thoroughly in your operational manual and keep it updated.
• Ensure strict adherence to all applicable EASA and IAA requirements for Specific Category operations.
• Prepare your full operational dossier, including ERP and GRC documentation, to facilitate potential IAA inspections.