IRELAND · Operations Manual
How to Write a ConOps for Drone Operations in Ireland
A Concept of Operations (ConOps) is a vital document for drone operations, outlining operational procedures and safety measures. This article offers a step-by-step guide to drafting a ConOps, including examples and references to relevant regulations.
What is a ConOps?
A ConOps is a document that describes the operational procedures and safety measures for a specific drone operation. It serves as the foundation for the operations manual and is necessary for obtaining an operational authorisation from the national aviation authority.
Drafting a ConOps is a requirement for drone operations in the 'specific' category, as defined by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). In this category, risks are higher than in the 'open' category, so the regulator requires a detailed overview of the planned operations and mitigation measures.
- Definition of ConOps
- Necessity for operational authorisation
- Relevance for 'specific' category operations
Steps to Draft a ConOps
Drafting a ConOps involves specific steps to cover all relevant aspects of the drone operation. A well-thought-out ConOps helps manage risks and is central to obtaining an operational authorisation.
The key steps are:
- 1. Organisation Overview: Describe your organisation's structure and assign responsibilities to UAS personnel, including those authorised for various operational tasks.
- 2. Safety Management: Explain how safety is embedded in your organisation, including risk assessments conducted and risk mitigation measures implemented.
- 3. Training and Qualification: Detail the qualifications and training the personnel have completed, aligned with the operation's complexity.
- 4. Maintenance Procedures: Outline the UAS maintenance programme, including frequency, record-keeping, and protocols to ensure airworthiness.
- 5. Operational Procedures: Provide a comprehensive description of planned operations, covering flight range, profiles, communication, emergency procedures, and mitigations.
- 6. Risk Assessment and Mitigations: Present identified risks using tools like SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) or PDRA (Pre-Defined Risk Assessment) and how these are managed.
- 7. Communication and Coordination: Describe internal and external communication channels, including coordination with air traffic control where applicable.
Sample Structure of a ConOps
A clear and organised structure ensures your ConOps is comprehensive and easy to evaluate by both the UAS operator and the regulator.
Common components include:
- Introduction: Document purpose and scope
- Organisation and Responsibilities: Team structure and task allocation
- Operational Description: Drone specifications, operational areas, flight patterns, and scenarios
- Safety Analysis: Risk identification and analysis with applied mitigations
- Maintenance Plan: Maintenance and inspection procedures and schedules
- Training Plan: Personnel qualifications and training programmes
- Emergency Procedures: Response actions for incidents and emergencies
- Communication: Protocols for internal and external communications
Important Considerations When Writing a ConOps
Clarity and completeness are essential when drafting your ConOps. It should offer a transparent overview of all planned operations, risks, and safety measures.
Additional key points to consider are:
- Ensure compliance with EASA regulations and any relevant guidance or national procedures issued by the IAA.
- Document risk assessments and selected mitigations systematically, using recognised methods such as PDRA or SORA.
- Account for operational limitations including maximum flight altitudes, VLOS or BVLOS operational requirements, and no-fly zones applicable in Ireland.
- Keep the ConOps updated, particularly after changes in operational practices, organisational structure, aircraft types, or regulatory requirements.
- Include the ConOps within your operations manual as a reference document throughout the operational lifecycle.
Frequently asked questions
Is a ConOps mandatory for all drone operations?
A ConOps is mandatory for drone operations classified in the 'specific' category under EASA rules. Operations within the 'open' category typically do not require a ConOps.
Where can I find a template for a ConOps?
EASA provides templates and guidance for drafting a ConOps in their 'Easy Access Rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems'. These can help ensure compliance with formal requirements.
How often should I update my ConOps?
It is important to keep the ConOps up-to-date, especially if there are changes in operational procedures, organisation, drone types used, or applicable regulations. Regularly scheduled reviews are advised.
Can I use a PDRA in my ConOps?
Yes, a PDRA (Pre-Defined Risk Assessment) can be used to structure the risk management section of your ConOps, provided your operation fits within the relevant PDRA’s scope and applicability.